What is a Deba Knife?
The Deba (出刃包丁) is a traditional Japanese knife designed for breaking down and filleting whole fish — from removing heads and cutting through bones to making precise fillets. Its single-bevel edge and thick spine provide stability and cutting power.
Learn more about the proper usage and handling in Deba Knife Use and Technique
Which Size Should I Choose?
Choosing the right Deba size depends on the size of the fish you usually handle:
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150–160 mm: Compact and ideal for small fish (≤1 kg), great for head and fin work.
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165–180 mm (recommended): A balanced, all-round size for everyday use with medium fish (1–3 kg).
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210 mm+: Suited for larger fish (≥3 kg) like salmon or yellowtail — allows a full stroke along the spine without sawing.
Tip: The blade should be slightly longer than the fish’s body width for smooth, one-stroke filleting.
Steel & Maintenance
White / Blue Carbon Steel: Extremely sharp and hard (≈ 60–63 HRC) but requires careful maintenance — always hand-wash, dry immediately, and apply a light coat of oil when stored.
VG-series / Stainless Steel: Corrosion-resistant and easier to maintain, great for busy kitchens or humid environments.
Sharpening & Care:
- Sharpen the bevel side at 12–15°, using a #1000 stone for shaping and #3000–#6000 for finishing.
- Lightly flatten the ura (back side) to remove burrs.
- Never use a honing rod; instead, strop gently on fine stones.
See full sharpening techniques in How to Sharpen a Deba Knife
Deba vs Santoku vs Chef Knife vs Fillet Knife
Each knife has its own strength, here’s how they differ:
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Deba: Single-bevel, thick, powerful; made for butchering and filleting whole fish. Not intended for chopping hard bones or vegetables.
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Santoku: A general-purpose Japanese knife with a double-bevel, thinner blade; excellent for slicing meat, fish, and vegetables but not for heavy fish work. Read the full comparison: Deba Knife vs Santoku
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Chef / Gyuto: A versatile, Western-style double-bevel knife, great for most kitchen tasks but not optimized for cutting through fish bones. Detailed guide: Deba vs Chef Knife
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Fillet Knife: Very thin and flexible, ideal for skinning and fine filleting after the fish has been cleaned; not suitable for breaking through bones. Learn more: Deba vs Fillet Knife